Poetical inspiration Essay

Betjeman expounds on an assortment of spots for instance rustic, urban, ocean side etcetera. The two sonnets I have picked are Slough and Middlesex. As opposed to Slough, Middlesex is to a greater degree a gentler sonnet, which brings out Betjeman’s recollections of how country Middlesex used to be. Betjeman has no recollections of Slough yet realizes he loathes it. In Slough Betjeman depict show counterfeit the city is. In Middlesex he attempts remember his recollections of the town. Swamp appears to keep its mood all through the sonnet where as in Middlesex the musicality is quick however then hinders part of the way through. One can unmistakably observe that Betjeman doesn't care for Slough as he says in the primary line, ‘Come, benevolent bombs, and fall on Slough It isn’t fit for people now,’ ‘Friendly bombs’ is unquestionably a difference since bombs can't be well disposed. For this situation the bombs are agreeable in light of the fact that as per Betjeman Slough has the right to be bombarded on the grounds that it is so horrendous. The refrain has a cheerful beat. Swamp does not merit sparing. One can plainly observe his contempt for Slough in the primary refrain. He needs the bombs to explode Slough so there is nothing left generally due to all the flasks, which serve tinned nourishments. In the following section, Betjeman is stating that we are turning out to be fake since we are eating counterfeit food; there is not any more new food to be eaten. One can see this view in the following refrain: ‘Come, bombs, and hit to bits Those cooled, brilliant bottles Tinned fruit†¦ Tinned personalities, tinned breath. ‘ He currently has gone from discussing the town and now discusses the food sold in the city, how that’s changed from being normal to tinned which is the new ‘now’ food. One can nearly feel Betjeman’s outrage since Slough has changed into such a discouraging town. He points out that it ought to be besieged on the grounds that it is so dreadful. In the fourth and fifth stanzas Betjeman discusses the amount he detests business people, how they generally cheat and win. One can tell this as he depicts the man as horrendous. He at that point needs them to endure as they cause such a great amount of agony to ladies as said in the fourth refrain: ‘†¦ Washes his loathsome skin In women’s tears,’ He needs the bombs to fall on them and make them experience torment rather than the ladies one can see this since he says in the fifth stanza: ‘†¦ And crush his hands so used to stroke†¦ And make him shout. ‘

Hephaestus, the Greek God of Fire and Volcanoes

Hephaestus, the Greek God of Fire and Volcanoes Hephaestus is the name of the Greek divine force of volcanoes and an expert and metal forger related with metalworking and stone brick work. Of the considerable number of divine beings on Olympus, he is apparently the most human, having endured maltreatment by different divine beings, who by differentiate are detached, great, and remote from the frailties of men. Hephaestus is likewise associated with humankind by his picked calling, stone worker, and metalworker. However he is one of the offspring of the marriage of the incredible divine beings Zeus and Hera, additionally the most contentious couple in the Olympian paradise. A portion of the legends around Hephaestus recommend he was parthenogenic, the child of just Hera independent by Zeus, an occasion brought about by Hera out of frustration after Zeus created Athena without the advantage of a female accomplice. Hephaestus is the lord of fire, and the Roman adaptation of Hephaestus is spoken to as Vulcan. Hephaestus Two Falls Hephaestus experienced two falls Mount Olympus, both mortifying and agonizing divine beings arent expected to feel torment. The first was when Zeus and Hera were amidst one of their unlimited fights. Hephaestus took his moms part, and out of resentment, Zeus lost Hephaestus Mount Olympus. The fall took a whole day and when it finished in Lemnos, Hephaestus was about dead, his face and body for all time distorted. There he was tended by Lemnos human occupants; and when he at long last as a wine steward to the Olympians, he was a figure of scorn, especially in contrast with the legendarily attractive wine steward Ganymede. The second tumble from Olympus happened when Hephaestus was as yet scarred by the primary fall, and maybe additionally embarrassing, this one was brought about by his mom. The legends state that Hera couldn't bear seeing him and his distorted legs, and she needed this token of a bombed squabble with Zeus to vanish, so she lost him Mount Olympus again. He remained with the Neriads on earth for a long time, tended by Thetis and Eurynome. One legend reports that he just came back to Olympus by making an excellent seat for his mom with a mystery instrument catching her in it. No one but Hephaestos could discharge her, however he would not do as such until he is made flushed enough to come back to Olympus and set her free. Hephaestus and Thetis Hephaestus and Thetis Hephaestus is regularly connected with Thetis, another divinity with human characteristics. Thetis was the mother of the destined warrior Achilles, and she went to unprecedented lengths in various endeavors to shield him from his anticipated destiny. Thetis tended Hephaestus after his first fall and later approached him to manufacture new weapons for her child. Thetis, the awesome parent, asks Hephastus to make a beuatiful shield for her child Achilles, a shield foreordained to bring its carrier demise. It was the last useless exertion of Thetis; soon Achilles kicked the bucket. Hephaestus is said to have ached for Athena, another artworks individual; and in certain adaptations of Mount Olympus, he was the spouse of Aphrodite. Sources ​ Rinon Y. 2006. Sad Hephaestus: The Humanized God in the Iliad and the Odyssey. Phoenix 60(1/2):1-20.

How to Write Sources For Research Paper

How to Write Sources For Research PaperThere are many different sources to be found in a research paper and one of the most important is sources. This is because research papers contain not only facts but also the ideas of the researcher. The various sources in the research paper depend on the subject matter of the paper. Below are some of the different kinds of sources:Research in newspapers. Every day, people are presented with information from a newspaper. The information presented in the newspaper is considered as a part of research that the author has done.Researchers can only do research on things that they can see for themselves. Experts, however, have the responsibility of researching based on what they consider reliable information. As research involves information, it is important that the author consider the reliability of the source and check the credibility of the information. You can read and analyze the sources for research papers that have been checked.Newspapers shou ld be used as primary sources in most research papers as most newspapers present the information of the research paper in a neutral manner. Hence, it is important that the writer relies on the right source for research papers.Libraries are another source that is used in research papers. These sources are also considered as primary sources and they give you all the facts as to the current state of the world at present. You can also search the books that are published in libraries and then check the contents of these books. For further details, you can go online and search the facts yourself.Article marketing articles are one of the best sources of information as they use recent information to present an unbiased viewpoint about the research paper. As article marketing articles contain the latest information, they can be relied upon to provide you with the latest facts related to the research paper. It is recommended that you obtain articles based on the topic of the research paper as it helps you understand the research better.Sources that have been written by the authors themselves are considered as secondary sources. These sources, which are only one source, are more trustworthy and less reliable than the other sources. However, they are good sources to use if the author's opinion is needed.When you need to use these sources, make sure that you understand their scope and relevance to the paper. It would be better if you seek the help of the professor who wrote the research paper before you actually utilize these sources.

Analysis Of My Last Duchess By Robert Browning

Londyn Zografakis English Period 8 7 November 2014 Throughout history, gender roles have been an important barrier in society. Women are forced to satisfy expectations established by men and society. â€Å"My Last Duchess,† by Robert Browning, focuses on the powerful Duke establishing certain expectations of the Duchess, and attempting to control her. Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, concentrates on Laertes establishing certain expectations of Ophelia, and seeking to control her. A Room of One’s Own, by Virginia Woolf, centers on societal expectations of Judith, and her father trying to control her. In all three texts, men have the ability to control women and have the freedom to do as they please. Women must conform to the expectations of faithfulness, attentiveness, and chastity. â€Å"My Last Duchess,† by Robert Browning, depicts powerful husbands attempting to control the actions of their wives as they are free to do as they please. In contrast, women are expected to be faithful and attentive only to their husbands. The power and control of the Duke is conveyed by a painting of the Duchess. It belongs to the Duke and is referred to as â€Å"my last Duchess† (1). The use of â€Å"my† demonstrates the possessive nature of the Duke and his claim of the Duchess as his own personal possession, much like the painting itself. As the Duke persists on forcing domination upon the Duchess, he is greatly displeased to find that she treats and considers him as the same value as nearly any other man.Show MoreRelatedAnalysis Of My Last Duchess By Robert Browning2479 Words   |  10 Pagesconcept of a one-sided, selfish relationship is apparent in literary pieces. Within the setting of ‘My Last Duchess’, the Renaissance period, men hel d all-encompassing and direct control over their daughters and wives. The common practice in this era, of arranged marriage for dowry, consolidated the concept of women as a resource for they represented money and political power towards his family. Robert Browning uses this extreme perception of the Duke to commentate on male pride that was still prevalentRead More Analysis of My Last Duchess by Robert Browning Essay examples1222 Words   |  5 Pages Analysis of My Last Duchess by Robert Browning Murder mystery intrigue. All describe Robert Brownings poem, My Last Duchess. From the speakers indirect allusions to the death of his wife the reader might easily think that the speaker committed a vengeful crime out of jealousy. His flowery speech confuses and disguises any possible motives, however, and the mystery is left unsolved. The poem is a great example of dramatic dialogue, a poetic form used to narrate and dramatize. It consistsRead MoreAnalysis of Robert Browning ´s My Last Duchess1165 Words   |  5 Pagesgiven by a character within the poem. My Last Duchess is a narrative poem where the poetic persona is narrating to another the story of his late wife. He first expunges on the painting of the duchess and then digresses to her personality and all her transgressions. He then makes some startling revelations about himself that allow the reader to become intimately aware of his personality. It is clear that the poetic persona in Robert Browning’s My Last Duchess is the Duke who is narrating the poemRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem My Last Duchess By Robert Browning1370 Words   |  6 Pageshappening during their time of existence in the Enlightenment time period. Emily Dickenson; Robert Browning; and Jamaica Kincaid are three of many talented writers who along with all of the things they wrote about were the issues that woman faced throughout time in history. Em ily Dickenson wrote the poem 303 which talked about a woman who chose to empower herself; Robert Browning wrote the poem My Last Duchess about a woman who was ruled over by the same man who killed her; and Jamaica Kincaid wroteRead MoreAnalysis Of My Last Duchess By Robert Browning And A Woman s Lover 1712 Words   |  7 PagesThis analysis will look at how major themes such as, ambition, supernatural, reality and appearance, played a role in the way events occurred and how they have affected the marriage between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. This analysis would also study how the author, William Shakespeare, portrayed these themes using language and historical context to affect the opinions of the audience’s perception of the two characters. As Shakespeare’s Macbeth had been written in the past, it would be of great contrastRead MoreSummary Of My Last Duchess By Robert Browning1164 Words   |  5 PagesProfessor Newberry 13 February 2017 A Reader’s Guide to Robert Browning â€Å"My Last Duchess† Title and Author Robert browning was born on May 7,1817 in Camberwell, England. To and accomplished pianist and a bank clerk. It is said by the age of five he was already proficient of writing and reading. At the age of twelve he wrote a volume of Byronic verse entitled Incondita, which his parents attempted to have published. By thirteen birthday Browning had received the rest of Shelly’s work, and declared himselfRead MoreSummary Of Porphyrias Lover And My Last Duchess1001 Words   |  5 PagesVisa Versa (An analysis of the similarities and differences of Last and Lover by Robert Browning) Robert Browning is the great poet of dramatic monologues. A dramatic monologue is described as narrator revealing characteristics about himself, while still explaining a particular series of events. Robert Browning was slow to make himself a name, but once he realized his capabilities in the literature world his career took off. Biographer, Richard Black explained, â€Å"Widely regarded for his knowledgeRead MoreRobert Browning and the Dramatic Monologue1390 Words   |  6 Pages2004 Robert Browning and the Dramatic Monologue Controlling Purpose: to analyze selected works of Robert Browning. I. Brief overview of Browning A. Greatest Poet B. Family Life II. Brief overview of My Last Duchess A. Descriptive adjectives B. Cause for death C. Description of his wife III. Definition of Dramatic Monologue IV. Comments by Glenn Everett A. Point of View B. Tone C. Audience Imagination V. Comments by Terry Bohannon A. No Christianity B. Evil Characters Robert Browning andRead MorePorphyrias Lover And My Last Duchess Comparison789 Words   |  4 PagesBrownings Porphyrias Lover and My Last Duchess (An Analysis of Comparing and Contrasting Brownings poems called Porphyrias Lover and My Last Duchess) Robert Browning was a Victorian poet. He portrayed an understanding of gender rules in his poems. Browning’s poems are similar to a puzzle, which makes the reader have to figure out what is really being said in the poem. Browning wrote two famous dramatic monologue poems called Porphyrias Lover and My Last Duchess. His poems create a high intensityRead MoreMy Last Duchess By Robert Browning951 Words   |  4 PagesMy Last Duchess by Robert Browning Robert Browning was born May 7, 1812 in Camberwell, London. His father was a senior clerk in the Bank of England. His mother was a pianist. His love for writing dramatic monologues came from his father who gave him the love Browning had for art and literature. Browning attended the University of London for half a year before returning home to read in his father s library. His first work, Pauline: A Fragment of a Confession, was first issued in 1833. It was his

To What Extent Can “the Handmaid’s Tale” and “the Scarlet...

To What Extent Can â€Å"The Handmaid’s Tale† and â€Å"The Scarlet Letter† be Described as Works of Dystopian Fiction? The definition of Dystopia is an imaginary place where the inhabitants are exploited and control is maintained through oppression. Both â€Å"The Scarlet Letter† and â€Å"The Handmaid’s Tale† reflect characteristics of a dystopian novel. A dystopian novel is usually fictional and futuristic to the time in which it was written. The characters are made to worship a concept or figure as a way of control. Characters are subject to an irrational fear of what is outside their environment and the issues raised in the novel are commentaries on contemporary society at the time. Dystopian fiction depicts characters that live in a dystopian society,†¦show more content†¦Deuteronomy 22:23-29.† The â€Å"particicution† of these violent acts remind the Handmaids of what will happen to them if they break the rules. â€Å"I’ve leaned forward to touch the rope in front of me, in time with the others, both hands on it... I have seen the kicking feet and the two in black seize hold of them and drag downwards with all their weight.† There is also the threat of the colonies: â€Å"I saw your mother†¦ it was in that film they showed us, about the Colonies. †¦ Thank God, I said†¦ I thought she was dead†¦.She might as well be, said Moira. You should wish it for her.† The Gileadian society attempts to brain wash the Handmaid’s into thinking that the outside world is more violent and unsafe in order to stop them from attempting escape, yet they also procure harsh punishments to maintain order. Both socie ties provoke irrational fear in their inhabitants in order to maintain control and stop people from attempting to leave, further exemplifying that they are dystopian civilisations. A dystopian novel raises issues and fears of the society in which it was written. In an interview regarding â€Å"The Handmaid’s Tale† Margaret Atwood said; â€Å"there isn’t anything in the book not based on

Essay on Applications of Magnetism in the Computer...

Many aspects of Computer Engineering are affected by the study of Magnetism. Unlike many fields of study, however, magnetism can be both helpful and harmful when it comes to many of the devices used in computers. One of the most basic examples of the use of magnetism in conjunction with computers is the hard drive. Nowadays, hard drives are used in many different consumer electronics products from computers to mp3 players to game consoles. A hard drive is used to store large amounts of data, and also to retrieve stored data quickly. A hard drive works by storing data in the form of tiny magnetic domains onto a magnetic ‘platter’. The platter is made up of thousands of tiny magnetic domains. Within each domain, a northern charge†¦show more content†¦In a CRT monitor, a piece of heated filament plays the part of the cathode. As it is heated inside the vacuum present inside the tube, it gives off a stream of electrons, which are attracted by a positive anod e. The anode focuses and accelerates the stream of electrons towards the front of the display. The stream of electrons is steered by two copper coils – one to steer the electrons vertically, and the other to adjust their horizontal trajectory. These coils create an electromagnetic field which adjusts the path of the electron towards the front of the screen. The front of the tube is coated with phosphors which glow then struck by an electron. To display an image, the beam starts in the upper left corner, and paints from left to right. Once the beam reaches the edge of the screen, it travels all the way back to the left side, down a pixel, and starts over. The different shades of colors are created by changing the intensity of the beam, giving you intensities varying from white to black. When you attach a magnet to the screen, it attracts the beam of electrons, and can cause it to hit the wrong phosphor, displaying distortions in both color and picture. Even when you r emove the magnet, sometimes the distortion on the screen will stay, giving you a veritable rainbow of mismatched colors. The reason behind this is that even though the magnet was only attached for a short period of time, that period of time was enough to give a slight magnetic charge toShow MoreRelatedModern Potentials And Applications Of Ferrofluids1252 Words   |  6 Pagesthe modern potentials and applications of ferrofluids? Ferrofluids have current applications in a variety of fields and continue to have potentials for further advancements in others. With research of the first ferrofluid in 1963 by Steven Papell with N.A.S.A., ferrofluids have been used to provide advancements in the field of technology. In modern times, ferrofluids are used in speakers for their relationship with magnetism and heat; as well ferrofluids are used in computer hard drives for their uniqueRead MoreElectrical Engineering : Electrical Engineer1150 Words   |  5 PagesElectrical Engineering: Just like any engineer, electrical engineers are also problem solvers. They design, invent and test newly developed equipment that came from a simple idea. They deal with electricity, electro-magnetism and electronics. Electrical engineers also deal with telecommunication, power, control systems and signal processing. Electrical engineers will usually use computers in order to design their ideas, yet some still prefer to hand draw everything. They will usually focus on productsRead MoreMulti Point Haptic Feedback Above Interactive Surfaces1049 Words   |  5 PagesMohamed Abdel Wahab Computer Science Nile University Giza/ Egypt m.abdelwahab@nu.edu.eg Abstract This paper introduces UltraHaptics, a new technology designed to provide multi-point mid-air haptic feedback above an interactive surface. The technology depends on focusing ultrasound to project separated points of haptic feedback through the display and then directly to the user’s bare hands. This new technology is simple and accessible, which make it easy to enter different fields of industry and haveRead MoreDeformation Behavior Of Metallic Greys Lab Report935 Words   |  4 Pages(2008) reported a tensile elongation about 20,000% for a deformed La55Al25Ni20 BMG alloy in the supercooled region. 2.1.4 Present and Future Applications The first report of a commercial use of a Zr-based BMG was the confection of golf clubs (JOHNSON, 2015). Liquidmetal Technologies Company made the first attempt to industrialize the use of this new engineering material. They were unsuccessful for two main reasons: (1) the newly developed die-casting route introduced flow lines on the surface of theRead MoreThe Benefits Of Wearable Devices941 Words   |  4 PagesSmartwatches are ever evolving and aiming to transform various spectres of technology and applications. They are not just a high-tech fashion accessory for millennials, or the next wave of mobile devices for on-the-go consumers. For example, Reemo is currently planning a solution which provides assistive tech to seniors. By using both Samsung Gear S2 smartwatch and SmartThings connected home technology; Reemo helps seniors to perform daily household tasks within couple of seconds. 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One application is quantum computing, which uses quantum â€Å"qubits† instead of classical bits, and has the potential to allow researchers to solve certain previously intractable problems in a much shorter timeframe. Another is quantum cryptogra phy, which allows for theoretically unbreakable encryptionRead MoreInformation Technology3745 Words   |  15 PagesEnglish Bachelor of Information Technology First Year First Semester Course Description: This course is designed for the students of BIT level: first year first semester of Purbanchal University who have completed either Diploma level in Engineering or I.Sc. or +2 from any institution recognized by this university. It intends to develop and strengthen in students the basic and communicative skills in the English language with emphasis on speaking, reading and writing. Course Objectives: Read MoreUniversity of Nairobi Bsc. 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IT Workshop Electronic Devices and Circuits Lab English Language Communication Skills Lab. Total T 2+1 3+1 3+1 2+1 3+1 2+1 3+1 25 P/D 3 3 3 3 3 15 C 4 6 6 4

Social Responsibility of IT Professionals - myassignmenthelp.com

Questions: 1. What if your perusal of random documents reveals company trade secrets? What if you later leave the company and go to work for a competitor? Is it wrong to use that knowledge in your new job? Would it be "more wrong" if you printed out those documents and took them with you, than if you just relied on your memory? 2.What if the documents you read showed that the company was violating government regulations or laws? Do you have a moral obligation to turn them in, or are you ethically bound to respect your employer's privacy? Would it make a difference if you signed a nondisclosure agreement when you accepted the job? Answers: 1. Being the Information Technology or IT professional of the company, it is my right to know every trade secret of my company. These trade secrets might help me in my job and the organizational goals and objectives can be achieved easily. Therefore, my sudden examination of perusal of random documents will help me in my job, if the trade secrets. After knowing the trade secrets of my company, it is my social responsibility to protect them and make sure that nobody knows about it (Tai Chuang, 2014). If in future, I will the organization, it will be my ethical and moral duty to protect the trade secrets of my previous job place. It will be absolutely wrong to use the confidential trade secrets of my previous company in my new job. Every organization has their own trade secrets. It is my social responsibility to keep them secret. Printing of those documents will not only be ethically but also legally and socially wrong. I will be violating laws if I print those confidential papers and take them with me in my new job. My organization will have the right to take legal actions against me at any point of time. 2. If I find out that, the documents I have read suddenly are showing that my company is violating government rules and laws, I will definitely stand against this act. It my ethical and social responsibility to disallow any kind of illegal act in the organization. I cannot allow any kind of illegal activity in my surroundings. I have a moral obligation to stand against the act (Aguinis Glavas, 2012). Supporting an illegal or unethical act will even make me an unethical person and I cannot allow it. I am not ethically bound to respect my employers privacy if he is into any type of illegal act. It will not make any difference in my decision even if I have a signed a nondisclosure agreement while accepting the job. I can get another job but I cannot be morally incorrect in my life. References Aguinis, H., Glavas, A. (2012). What we know and dont know about corporate social responsibility: A review and research agenda.Journal of management,38(4), 932-968. Tai, F. M., Chuang, S. H. (2014). Corporate social responsibility.Ibusiness,6(03), 117.

Logistics and Analysis of IGEHO 2011

Introduction IGEHO is an international exhibition for hotel catering and extra-domestic consumption that took place in Basel, Switzerland from the 19-23 November 2011. The event was meant for anyone who is professionally involved in the hotel industry. The IGEHO event offered innovations, a complete market overview of products and services and a setting in which to meet familiar faces.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Logistics and Analysis of IGEHO 2011 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Alongside hoteliers, the event acted as a meeting point for professionals from the facility management industry and the care sector (homes and hospitals). In addition to this, visitors to the event were able to acquire valuable specialist knowledge about trends in the hotel industry. Happening at a difficult economic climate, the event provided a good opportunity for stakeholders in the hotel industry to find the right partner in good time so as to be able to react successfully to changes within the industry. At a time when conserving energy is a priority for every organization, IGEHO provided participants information on energy efficiency for them to apply in the hotel industry. Additionally, the event gave participants who would like to invest money in the hotel industry in the future an opportunity to learn the basics of how to run their businesses. This was achieved through a lecture given on hall 2.2 with the theme â€Å"Atmosphere for the Hotel Guest: Focus on Women.† The choice of topic was based on the assumption that hotels are generally better tailored to the requirements of men than women. By placing the focus on women, the event organizers sought to give participants an answer to the question of how female hotel gusts differ from their male counterparts (IGEHO, 2011). Ideally, the event featured over 800 exhibitors displaying thousands of products, services, and innovations in the hotel ind ustry (Allen, 2010). This report looks at the logistical support for IGEHO to determine if the event was a success or not in relation to other events. The report also looks at the main suppliers (Butterworth, and Rukavina, 2002) during the event and gives a Gantt chart giving the schedule of the event. Logistical Support for the Igeho Event Events like IGEHO 2011 are leisure activities and work possibilities for people and logistical support is important if they are to be a success. Events bring people together and make them have a good time. They enhance the quality of people’s life by providing significant economic benefits and can also provide revenue for special projects. Regardless of size, events require a high degree of planning, a range of skills and a lot of energy.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Andersson and Wesslau (2000), when using events, companies get the possibility to have their own right to the consumer during the duration of the event. This means that if a company manages to get the consumer to attend the event, the distortion from the competitors will be gone or at least minimized during the duration of the event. Also, events such as IGEHO, which largely concentrates on the hotel industry contains tangible elements, such as food, beverages and other products sold or given away, but are essentially a service in that they consist of intangible experiences of finite duration within a temporary, managed atmosphere. As with all services, this experiential â€Å"product† is produced and consumed simultaneously, is highly heterogeneous and very difficult to store or control (Allen, 2010) hence the need for proper planning. Ticketing Ticketing an event such as IGEHO is an immensely complex task, involving thousands of tickets. Hence, ticketing is one of the most significant programs of mega events such as IGEH O 2011. The ticketing that regards customers becomes, directly and indirectly, a critical factor for the success of the event and, consequently, it must be set up and realized in more professional and coherent way with the context of which it is to be situated (Cherubini and Iasevoli, 2007). For IGEHO, the tickets were available from the event’s website www.igeho24.ch. Participants to the event were able to purchase their tickets online two months before the event kicked off. Selling tickets online provided convenience to the participants since they did not have to cue to obtain their tickets. Additionally, the event organizers were able to get good returns since they were selling their tickets directly to the public. The ability to purchase tickets at any time that suited them not only enabled the participants to make informed choices on the part of the event they wanted to attend but it also eased the pressure on the organizers phones consequently cutting their cost base si gnificantly. However, since not all participants to the event have access to internet connection, the organizers had booths in various countries where one could buy IGEHO tickets. These were available from the stands at the entrances of shopping malls and event venue. In addition, portions of the tickets were sent to special guests personally (IGEHO, 2011). Transportation On Saturday, November 19 and every other day of the event at 08.15 am, a special train would move from the city center to Basel SBB where the trade fair was being held. Participants were not charged for this ride since the event organizers met the cost. Throughout the day, the number of speed trains heading to the trade fair was increased to enable anyone who missed the special IGEHO train to get to the venue in good time.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Logistics and Analysis of IGEHO 2011 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The event organizers chose speed trains as the mode of transportation to the event to avoid traffic jams, which are inherent in Basel. The IGEHO organizers had also made a special arrangement with the RailAway Company to offer 10% discount on the outward and return journey to Basel SBB and on the transfer to the trade fair grounds for those who missed the IGEHO train. For those who did not wish to travel by rail, the organizers had contracted reliable bus companies and taxi operators to transport guests to the event and back. However, this was done at the guests’ own expense (IGEHO, 2011). Human Resources Human resource management is much more than recruitment and selection of staff and volunteers; it is a wide-ranging activity, involving the long-term strategic development of the event organization. The expected outcome of this is a positive culture of commitment and cooperation developed in the process of managing the work force (Wagen, 2007). In events, there are also the volunteers. They are representatives from the community who freely choose to give their time and skills to support club activities for no payment other than reimbursement for out of pocket expenses. Volunteers come from all age groups, educational backgrounds and genders (Cherubini and Iasevoli, 2007). People generally volunteer to have fun, socialize, learn new skills, help others, develop new friends, explore career opportunities etc. (Getz, 2007). Working with volunteers requires that their special contribution to the success of the event be acknowledged and shared. Working with volunteers requires consideration, flexibility and enthusiasm because volunteers often work for the ‘fun of it’ of for charitable purposes. Volunteers require just as much management and coordination as employees (Tassiopoulos, 2005). For the realization of the IGEHO 2011 event successfully, there was need for adequate, competent and well-qualified human resources to achieve the goals of the event. In this sense , the staff employed in the IGEHO Event consisted of the Swiss Hotel Industry personnel and organization company’s staff. These people had responsibilities from the beginning to the end of the event. In addition, during the staging of the event the personnel in charge were assigned to serve the participants and the audience. In the IGEHO 2011 event, a total of 38 employees were assigned including 13 employees in organization, 15 for stage setup and enter-exit controlling, 6 people in branding, 4 people in promotional and advertising business.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The personnel were trained people and were selected according to the job requirements. Volunteers were 33 people and students from various Swiss hotel industry institutions. The students were assigned to meet the needs of the audiences and provide the necessary assistance in the hall during the event. Two week training was given to the volunteers for the event (IGEHO, 2011). Marketing and PR In management of the events, public relations have two roles. On the one hand, it supports marketing activity in the form of promotions; on the other hand, it is also the tool that disseminates non-promotional information to other target publics that are important to the organization (Anderson, 2004). An event’s leading aim is to achieve positive coverage on the media for the event without paying for the space or air-time it occupies. Strong relationships with the key media and a range of innovative techniques and tools in order to evoke an attraction are important when trying to create t he desired media exposure (Masterman, 2004). In addition, media relations and publicity should be given a lot of attention. A well-planned publicity campaign should run alongside any advertising campaign. Ideally, this drive should be spread over the period of months, building up to a peak shortly before the event. Early warning allows potential participants and spectators to book the event in to their diaries and prevents potential clashes with rival attractions (Tassiopoulos, 2005). To promote the IGEHO 2011 event, various activities were organized in the city centre, in shopping malls and in hotels. Brochures and leaflets were distributed in areas of heavy pedestrian traffic (Berridge, 2007). In addition outdoor advertisements were done. Some attendants of IGEHO were determined by online voting by public people from the official web site of IGEHO www.igeho24.ch. By carrying out e-mail based subscription system of voting, the event participants also achieved the chance to win vari ous gifts. In addition, it was announced some surprise awards would be distributed to the lucky participants by drawing during the event. Wide coverage to reports on the subject was given in the local and national press, on web pages and official web site of IGEHO within the scope of public relations (IGEHO, 2011). The IGEHO organizers created a strong brand and visual image for the event that was withdrawn from IGEHO’s strong hotel industry background while at the same time creating a clean commercial look that would appeal to European investors where participants were drawn from. After developing a strong message – ‘Atmosphere for the Hotel Guest: Focus on Women’ the organizers formed a management team that focused on systematically developing a targeted participants list. The team then circulated targeted invitations to over 20,000 potential delegates. To market the event further, the organizers formed the IGEHO Forum where lively discussions about the event were held. These discussions were chaired by Heinz Margot a well-known Swiss television presenter and covered various industry topics (IGEHO, 2011). Additionally, the organizers also used social websites like twitter and facebook to promote the event (Wagen, 2005). Risk Management The goals of risk management (RM) in events like everywhere include the protection of assets, to minimize legal and financial liabilities, to control potential loss, properly manage growth, and to operate responsibility. Risk management recognized in varying degrees as a key component of the responsibilities associated with the planning and producing events. It is often perceived as a function that is carried out once an event has been conceived, designed, and organized. RM should be thoroughly embedded in the event design and throughout its development and production process to ensure the risks associated with the event are managed effectively and cost efficiently (Silvers, 2008). To reduce the risk s that may occur during staging of the event, the logistical team had ambulances and medical teams on standby before the start of the event. In addition, to ensure the security of the event professional security staffs were assigned. Event Participants Meeting, Receptions and Hospitality To welcome the participants in to the hall, controllers, routing attendant’s volunteers were supposed to meet the people and guide them. In order to provide employee communication, intercom, wireless radio and mobiles were used. Before the event, time audiences were taken in by ticket controlling on a regular basis. Entries were provided in to two different doors. Assigned people directed the audience to different booths by asking them what they wanted to learn. In the VIP entrance, the audiences were taken into the same way. Front part of the VIP gate was devoted to protocol. Private catering was treated for the VIP guests (IGEHO, 2011). Analysis of the Suppliers Needed Like any other big ev ent, the IGEHO organizers could not organize the event on their own and had to look for other suppliers to assist them in making the event a success (Butterworth, and Rukavina, 2002). Road Traffic Office Since the risk of road traffic accidents is higher in international visitors compared to local residents, the IGEHO organizers had collaborated with the Swiss Road Traffic Office (SRTO) to ensure that there were no accidents involving participants to the event. The highway patrol officers taking part in the event had been retrained and improvements in the secondary road network including lane widening and lane separation in dangerous ‘hot spots’ near the location of the event was carried out. The highway patrol officers created awareness among event participants on the side of the road they were supposed to drive, importance of wearing seatbelts, limiting the use of alcohol, and avoiding driving when tired. The officers were also required to give directions to motorists who did not know the venue for the event. Cabeza Cleaning Company In order to ensure that the city was kept clean during the duration of the event, the organizers contracted 326 street cleaners from Cabeza, a private cleaning company who manually removed approximately 20 tonnes of rubbish from city streets, which is twice the usual amount. Up to 5000kg of rubbish was removed from the IGEHO site and 197sq m of city footpaths and 8000 sq m of city roadways were cleaned three times a day, which is equivalent to approximately 180 football fields. In addition, there was a team of 12 anti-graffiti cleaners who were employed around the clock removing approximately 1300 instances of graffiti. G4S For any event to be successful, security of the participants has to be guaranteed. To ensure the security of participants at IGEHO, the organizers had contracted security firm G4S to manage crowds in areas where pedestrian volumes increase quickly. This included areas such as near transport interc hanges, station platforms, fairground exits, bridges, and ticket booths/ticket gates. During the event, G4S was supposed to provide security and stewarding duties as communication between the two types of staff is critical for the safe management of crowds. G4S had selected stewards with appropriate competencies and they had also received training in fire safety, emergency evacuation and dealing with incidents such as bomb threats. Two months before the start of IGEHO, G4S was already deeply involved in risk assessment and planning for the event. Working with the IGEHO staff, it participated in everything from security preparations and consultancy to the actual operations covering the whole 5-day event, starting on 19 November. Overall, G4S had provided 600 security officers to ensure the round-the-clock safety and security of the 80,000 visitors who descended on the Swiss city to take part in IGEHO 2011. ABB Group of Companies Although no incidents related to electrical hazards hav e been reported in any major event, there is always the potential of electricity causing death to workers, participants or members of the public due to the temporary nature of some installations. The supply of electricity may also present an issue in that lighting levels need to be maintained at an adequate level to help people evacuate. The IGEHO organizers had contracted the ABB Group of Companies to provide lighting at the event venue. This came from the need to provide generators in case of any power failure during the duration for the event. Table 1: Gantt chart giving the schedule of the event ACTIVITY SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER Week 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Committee Training Legislation Marketing PR Event Event Evaluation Table 2. Explanation of the Gantt chart Time Frame Schedule of Event Sep. Wk. 1-4 Formation of the committee, search for volunteers and hiring of staff Oct. W k. 1-2 Training of volunteers and staff who took part in the event Oct. Wk. 3-4 Procurement of the required licenses to ensure that the event complied with the Swiss law Oct. Wk. 2- Nov. Wk. 2 The four weeks were devoted to marketing and PR in the countries where participants were drawn from. Nov. Wk. 3 The date for the event Nov. Wk 4 Various committees’ hand in their reports for the event. The reports highlighted the challenges that every team met and gave recommendations of how this could be mitigated for an effective hosting of IGEHO 2012 Conclusion and Recommendations This paper has presented the findings of a study about the dimensions of event management and event marketing. This has been done by reviewing the literature for event management and event marketing and approaches of how this was applied in IGEHO. While most of the literature focuses on the entire event management, this paper focuses on the logistics of event management named ticketing, transport ation, human resources (volunteers and trained staff), budgeting, marketing and PR and risk management. The study illustrates that the event management logistics in the literature had been applied in to the 2011 edition of IGEHO organization and the event was successfully managed and marketed. The organization owners and the exhibitors have reached their objective and reached the number of people targeted. Recommendations Although most of the objectives for the event were realized, the report recommends the following for successful staging of future IGEHO events:- The planning committee should be formed early in advance to ensure that adequate time is accorded to the planning process The marketing and PR campaigns should run for a longer time to ensure that the participants surpass the 80,000 mark that the event organizers always target. The event organizers should pay more attention to the issue of public health and safety risks that are inherent in mass gatherings and how to mana ge those risks when planning for the next event since this was not handled properly in the previous event. References Allen, J. (2010) Event Planning Ethics and Etiquette: A Principled Approach to the Business of Special Event Management. New York, Wiley. Anderson, J. (2004) Teamwork: Interactive Tasks to Get Students Talking. New York, Delta. Andersson, M. and Wesslau, A. (2000). Organizing for Event Marketing in Order to Change Brand Image and Increase Sales. International Management Master Thesis, 16(2), 19-20. Berridge, G. (2007). Events Design and Experience, Events Management Series. Elsevier. Butterworth, S. and Rukavina, V. (2002). The Event Sponsorship. New York, Wiley. Cherubini, S. and Iasevoli, G. (2007). Marketing Trend in Europe Conference. Paris. Getz, D. (2007) Event Studies: Theory, Research and Policy for Planned Events. London, Oxford. IGEHO. (2011) Trendsetting in the Hotel Industry. Igeho 2011. [Online] Web. Masterman, G. (2004). Strategic Sports Event Manageme nt. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford. Silvers, J. (2008). Risk Management for Meetings and Events. Burlington, Butterworth-Heinemann. Tassiopoulos, D. (2005). Event Management: A Professional and Developmental Approach. Lansdowne, Juta Academic. Wagen, L. (2005). Event Management: For Tourism, Cultural, Business and Sporting  Events. Perth, Pearson Education. Wagen, L. (2007). Human Resource Management for Events; Managing the Event  Workforce. Burlington, Butterworth-Heinemann. This report on Logistics and Analysis of IGEHO 2011 was written and submitted by user N1k0las to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Role of Heroin in the Movie essays

The Role of Heroin in the Movie essays Drug czar Robert Wakefield (Michael Douglas) pretty much sums up this Activity Focus E-Mail for me when he says "It's hard to fight a war when the enemy is your own family after he realizes that his 16-year-old daughter Caroline is graduating from recreational drug use to habitual abuse a secret that Wakefields wife, Barbara, has been keeping from him. I would argue that Caroline was not necessarily the enemy per se, but she could be viewed in this movie as a pawn of Robert Wakefields true enemy the illegal drug trade. Now Im no Roger Ebert, but one aspect of the film that I particularly appreciated was that, while the movie clearly depicts the devastating consequences of Carolines deepening addiction (consequences not only for herself but also for her family), director Steven Soderbergh refuses to blatantly condemn any particular character for Carolines downfall. In other words, although I believe that the movie firmly establishes that the illegal drug trade is a problem affecting everyone and explores a diverse set of characters who are either fighting against drugs or fighting for drugs, either supplying drugs or consuming drugs, etc. Soderbergh does not overtly place the blame for Carolines addiction on anybody but Caroline. As well, although the movie follows parallel storylines involving very dissimilar characters with equally dissimilar objectives while demonstrating how drugs affect every single one of them on some level or another the film does not take an obviously specific political stance with regard to the production, distribution, and consumption of drugs thereby avoiding general moral issues relating to addiction. For example, Caroline evokes a forceful acknowledgment of the wasteful and destructive power of drugs she was the third-ranked student in her junior class at an exclusive private high school, yet ...

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The Lament for Ignacio Sanchez Mejias Essay Example for Free

The Lament for Ignacio Sanchez Mejias Essay Just like Helen Keller who attempted to attain the summit of her life through her incessant perseverance, I have also been doing my best efforts to achieve constant self-improvement and to work toward my maximum self-actualization. Both Helen Keller and I share one thing in common, that is, we adhere to the same spirit of perseverance and self-perfection. Nevertheless, there is one essential difference. What Helen Keller was trying to do was to overcome her physical predicaments and constraints so that she could behave and do things like a normal person. Being a normal person, I would like to tap my potential to the fullest possible extent so that I can achieve academic and professional excellence necessary for becoming an elite of the emerging young generation. The rapidly growing Chinese economy seems to be providing us with an unprecedented opportunity to our personal fulfillment. 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Niccolo Machiavelli was born on May 3, 1469, in Florence, Italy. He eventually became a man who lived his life for politics and patriotism. Right now, however, he is associated with corrupt, totalitarian government. The reason for this is a small pamphlet he wrote called The Prince to gain influence with the ruling Medici family in Florence. The political genius of Niccolo Machiavelli was overshadowed by the reputation that was unfairly given to him because of a misunderstanding of his views on politics. Machiavelli's life was very interesting. He lived a nondescript childhood in Florence, and his main political experience in his youth was watching Savanarola from afar. Soon after Savanarola was executed, Machiavelli entered the Florentine government as a secretary. His position quickly rose, however, and was soon engaging in diplomatic missions. He met many of the important politicians of the day, such as the Pope and the King of France, but none had more impact on him than a prince of the Papal States, Cesare Borgia. Borgia was a cunning, cruel man, very much like the one portrayed in The Prince. Machiavelli did not truly like Borgia's policies, but he thought that with a ruler like Borgia the Florentines could unite Italy, which was Machiavelli's goal throughout his life. Unfortunately for Machiavelli, he was dismissed from office when the Medici came to rule Florence and the Republic was overthrown. The lack of a job forced him to switch to writing about politics instead of being active. His diplomatic missions were his last official government positions. When Machiavelli lost his office, he desperately wanted to return to politics. He tried to gain the favor of the Medici by writing a book of what he thought were the Medici's goals and dedicating it to them. And so The Prince was written for that purpose. Unfortunately, the Medici didn't agree with what the book said, so he was out of a job. But when the public saw the book, they were outraged. The people wondered how cruel a man could be to think evil thoughts like the ones in The Prince, and this would come back to haunt him when he was alive and dead. However, if the people wanted to know what Machiavelli really stood for, they should have read his "Discourses on Livy", which explain his full political philosophy. But not enough people had and have, and so the legacy of The Prince continues to define Machiavelli to the general public.

Arts along with the downward Essay

Due to factors related to funding for the arts along with the downward turning in the United States economy, a proposal was made for the merger of the Utah Symphony along with the Utah Opera companies. The dire situation confronting the arts community became more and more apparent reaching a crisis level in 2001. The Utah Symphony Orchestra was close to a deficit as noted by Scott Parker, â€Å"Speed of action was essential†¦I knew that there was a possibility that we could quickly find ourselves over the edge,† (DeLong & Ager, 2004).There is very little precedence for mergers between a major symphony orchestra and opera companies in the history of the United States. 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The executive committee felt ambivalent initially about the merger but due to the need to alleviate some of the financial pressures the organizations faced, they eventually agreed. However, opposition to the merger include members of the community as the audience and the musicians. Lockhart has a very delicate position as the musicians look to him to protect their interests. So he held in tension the trust of the musicians and the viability of the organization as a whole. The musicians came up with some guiding principles they felt the merged entity needed to honor. The community also expressed its concern regarding the possible â€Å"loss of status† of the symphony if merged with the opera. They also questioned Ewers’ ability to manage the new entity due to her lack of experience in running a symphony orchestra. Both Ewers and Lockhart faced a tremendous task as they set out to bring in the reigns on the merger. The board needs to utilize their motivation skills as they help drum up support  for the merger. Ann also needs to understand her power and utilize it to persuade the community and the musicians that a merger would ultimately benefit the future of both entities. We will also explore her influence tactics. Bill Bailey: Motivation is the reason or reasons that a person has for behaving the way he or she does and those reasons are typically a very complex phenomena. One of the most popular explanation for motivation is based upon the needs of the individual. This is also known as the â€Å"basic needs model,† referred to as the content theory of motivation (Cliffs Notes, 2012). Basically, all individuals want their basic needs satisfied. Those needs are either primary such as the biological need for food, sleep, and basic survival; or secondary needs such as those needs of psychological well-being such as the desire for power, success, and love. The identification of the secondary needs are much more complex since they vary in their definition by the individual due to cultural and experiential factors. Several different theories exist to explain the needs of individuals as the source of motivation because unmet needs motivate individuals to pursue and satisfy them. Abraham Maslow has a theory which involve five basic needs (Kreitner & Kinicki, 2010). His list of basic needs include, â€Å"physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization,† which influence behavior. He ranked these needs in a hierarchical order since there are levels of need which come into play when a lower need has been satisfied. These needs influence a person’s attitudes and behaviors in that they create a compulsion to satisfy the deficiencies. His theory holds to the premise that unsatisfied needs motivate and influence behavior. A satisfied no longer motivates since people do not need to act to fill a deprivation. The physiological needs motivates an individual to find comfort, rest, refreshment and reasonable work conditions. The safety needs motivates an individual to look for job security, adequate compensation and benefits, and safe work conditions. The love/social needs motivates one to find friendly co-workers, a pleasant and supportive supervisor, and good interaction with customers. Esteem needs motivates an individual to seek an important job which may offer a promotion to a higher status level and greater recognition. Self-actualization needs  may cause an individual to seek participation in the decision-making process also with creative and challenging tasks. Leaders may tap into the different needs as described by Maslow to motivate individuals towards a particular agenda. Mr. Bailey is the chairman of the board for the Utah Opera Organization. He may utilize Maslow’s five basic needs theory to raise support for the merger. Both the Utah Opera and Symphony Orchestra want to survive the financial implications of reduced funding and a dire economy which has contracted the patrons’ ability to support the arts. Mr. Bailey could appeal to satisfying their safety needs in that a merger would provide job security with the same amount of vacation for those involved. He could appeal to the social needs of the performers in the Orchestra by letting them know that Lockhart, who has been a trusted  leader, would continue to provide them with supervision as their conductor and leader even after the merger. Many of the musicians also expressed a concern that their artistic excellence would not be protected. Mr. Bailey could could appeal to their high-level needs as a means of motivating them to support their future as performers both individually and corporately. This involves motivation based upon their need for self-actualization. By letting them have autonomy in creativity and a role in decision-making, the performers could find continued challenge in their work. This would overlap with meeting their esteem needs in helping them to realize the importance of their roles. Understanding and utilizing Maslow’s theory can help Mr. Bailey with influencing the behavior of those involved in both organizations by appealing to their personal interests. Scott Parker: Scott Parker holds the position as the chairman of the board of the Utah Symphony. As a leader of that organization, he also faces the challenging task of finding influential supporters who would back the merger of the two companies. He could consider applying David McClelland’s theory of motivation (Kreitner & Kinick, 2010). McClelland recognized that each individual prioritizes their needs differently since individuals are not born with innate needs but the needs are learned through one’s life experiences. He identified three specific needs: the need for achievement  which drives one to excel towards accomplishments, the need for power which causes one to exert influence or encouragement for others to achieve, and the need for affiliation which is a desire for close interpersonal relationships. Individuals may have distinct needs demonstrated through their work preferences. Those wanting to motivate these individuals may shape the environment to meet these needs. For example, the high achievers would desire to do things better. Therefore, they find motivation in job situations with personal responsibility, feedback, and a moderate level of risk. Those with a high need for power would want to follow a path of subsequent promotions over time. They would desire to be in charge and have the opportunity to have status. Those with a need for affiliation would seek satisfying interpersonal relationships which would lead to companionship and approval. They would desire relationships with a high degree of mutual understanding and social approval. Mr. Parker identified Mrs. Abravanel as an influential individual who may help him persuade others to vote for the merger if he could motivate her to support this endeavor. Mrs. Abravanel ’s late husband, Maurice, was the maestro and music director for the Utah Symphony Orchestra for 32 years. Therefore, Mrs. Abravanel would be greatly interested in sustaining the prestige and excellence of the Symphony which her late husband had secured during his prime. Several of the musicians felt concerned that the orchestra would become â€Å"the appendage of the opera,† (DeLong & Ager, 2004) if Ewers became the CEO of the merged organization. They felt that Ewers would leave the Symphony with  a less significant role as the Opera. Since the musicians represent the largest internal interest group, Mr. Parker could appeal to Mrs. Abravanel’s desire to keep the Symphony in a place of power and stability for the future. It is said that Maurice Abravanel, â€Å"had a reputation of defending his musicians vociferously,† (DeLong & Ager, 2004). Perhaps Mrs. Abravanel shares her husband’s passion for a position of status for the Symphony. McClelland theorizes that those with a high need of power is likely to want a position of status and influence. Mr. Parker could appeal to Mrs. Abravanel and entrust her with the responsibility of influencing others towards the merger due to her husband’s legacy. Mr. Parker could also appeal to her need for achievement. High achieving individuals, according to  McClelland would want to know whether they are improving the quality of job situations. Maurice Abravanel secured full-year contracts with full-time salaries for his musicians. Mr. Parker could pitch this goal as a potential for the musicians if Mrs. Abravanel became a supporter of the merger. This would provide the Symphony with continued professional status as as achieved by her husband in his fight for the musicians. â€Å"The relationship between orchestra musicians and the Utah Symphony Board and management had not always been amicable. The board members had reopened the collective bargaining agreement and altered it such that the musicians were worse off in terms of their salaries,† (DeLong & Ager, 2004). McClelland in his theory sees each individual prioritizing their needs through learned experiences. Mr. Parker could appeal to Mrs. Abranavel’s desire and possible emotional need for continued affiliation with the Symphony because the success of it’s future is strongly related to her husband’s life endeavors. She would be representing her husband by her defense of the Orchestra’s future. Anne Ewers: Though the term â€Å"power† potentially evokes some negative connotations and strong feelings in some. It is, however, an essential part of effective leadership as managers and leaders need to influence subordinates towards organizational goals. Anne Ewers, as the future CEO of the merged organization has both positional power and personal power. Her positional power is legitimate due to her formal position. Thus, the power that she will use is necessary given her authority as a leader to effectively get things done. However, she could have a legitimate role as a leader and expect her subordinates to comply due to her role as their boss. This legitimate role could be expressed either positively or negatively in getting others to comply. Positive legitimate power would result in constructively improving those she would influence to work more effectively. Having negative legitimate power would influence subordinates to comply out of fear, shame, and intimidation. Anne also has referent power which is a power  which comes from her personality. As a leader, she could use charisma and magnetism to appeal to her followers. An effective leader ideally needs to  utilize all the â€Å"tools of the trade† which would include both positional (legitimate) and personal (referent) powers. A leader could have a legitimate role and lead others by authority because he or she is the â€Å"boss†. However, an employee could have referent power but not be the â€Å"boss† of a company, attracting and inspiring many by a force of personality. If Anne utilized both powers together, she would not only lead by her authority, but also inspire and appeal to her subordinates with charisma. Having a leader who uses both positive legitimate power and referent power together would foster a committed staff. She would make an excellent leader since, â€Å"Commitment is superior to compliance because it is driven by internal or intrinsic motivation,† (Kreitner & Kinick, 2010). We will further discuss Anne’s use of these two powers below. Ewer’s Positional Power: Ewers has positional power as the current director of the opera and the future CEO of the merged entity. Her position as the leader/director gives her legitimate authority thus, positional power is the same as â€Å"legitimate power.† Those who work under Ewers must comply if they want to keep their job since she has the authority to make decisions and fire those who refuse to comply with her decisions. She could either use this authority in a positive manner as she manages her employees for in a negative manner. If she utilized her power positively, she would improve job performance and morale with her decisions. She could also use her power in a negative way by threatening to fire her employees and coercing them by fear tactics or shaming her employees by publicizing their failures. Ewers would want to call meetings with leaders of the opera and orchestra so that she may utilize her legitimate power to build confidence and commitment. She wants to foster leaders who will be committed to the endeavors of the company rather than merely comply with the new company because they want job security since â€Å"employees who merely comply require frequent ‘jolts’ of power to keep them headed in a productive direction. Committed employees tend to be self-starters†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Kreitner & Kinick, 2010). Anne Ewers would expect that her new team of leaders share her commitment towards forming a successful new company. Ewer’s Personal Power: The use of personal power that Anne Ewers would use to influence managers is necessary as a positive force for the organization. She will need to enlist the support and empower Keith Lockhart by utilizing what Kreitner &  Kinick calls, â€Å"referent power.† This power is gained through a leader’s strong personality and relational skills which influences the follower’s loyalty and admiration. A leader needs to â€Å"organize a group of people to achieve a common goal,† (Wikipedia, 2012). This power becomes an integral part of a leader’s personal power and plays an important role as the leader needs to collaborate and influence the followers’ support. Leading by influence has increasingly replaced leading by coercion and control. If Ewers utilizes her referent power, she could influence Keith Lockhart to towards leading the Symphony towards the merger. Ewer’s relationship to Lockhart is one in need of referent power. Ewers has a talent for reducing debt as she retired a $450,000 debt as the general director of the Boston Lyric Opera. She has a knack for fund-raising as well. She could empower Lockhart with these skills as they work side-by-side. Because Lockhart has the loyalty of those in the symphony, Ewers needs to use referent power in order to secure his commitment. Ewers could have a meeting with Lockhart and promise him the co-leader position in the merger process. He knows the history of the symphony and has the trust of the musicians. She can empower him by helping him to see the benefits of the merger. By appealing to Lockhart and endorsing his support, Ewers has a better chance of diminishing the opposition from the musicians. If she increases in her referent power, then a need for coercion which often necessitates the use of punishment, would decrease. Musician Platforms: The symphony musicians have secured through their union, an annual salary between $50,000 and $85,000 which is above the average salary for a musician. Their salaries, benefits, and payroll taxes, were to increase even more over the next two years due to the union’s bargaining agreement. Given an organization change, their salary agreement would be challenged. More than their concern regarding their salaries, they were concerned about the  future of their artistic excellence and whether the new organization would support them. They also have a felt need for a successful fund-raising effort, an improved budget strategy for the orchestra, and a strong collective bargaining agreement. Having the stability provided by the union with a good salary, support for their artistic excellence, and a strong bargaining agreement, the possibility of a merger comes as a more of a threat than as an opportunity for advancement. If Anne does not address the issues which the musicians raised, the organization would not survive on multiple levels. First, with the faltering economy, the orchestra still had a contractual obligation to pay the above average salaries as secured through their union. The organization would collapse under the financial pressure due to the economy, the high salaries, and the decreased funding for the arts. Second, there needs to be a strong leader with business savvy  who could challenge and revise the bargaining agreement of the musicians since their salaries, benefits, and payroll taxes were scheduled to increase even more over a couple years which would push them over the edge financially. Third, the organization is in dire need of a quality leader who would command their respect but who would also hold to the same standards of artistic excellence. The organization is in jeopardy due to a lack of leadership since the CEO of the symphony would be leaving after 2002. Recommendations: Since the musicians have presented their set of guiding principles through Christine Osborne, the musicians’ chairwoman, Ewers with the support of the board need to provide a response. The support of the musicians in the merging process is paramount to the future of the new organization. The future of the musicians in the newly organized symphony also depends upon Ewer and Lockhart as the future leaders. Ewers has positional power which is legitimate given her authority as the future CEO of the merged organization. The question is how she would utilize her legitimacy. Would she exert a positive or a negative legitimate power? She can use her power as a constructive force to unite the two organizations with a mutual vision for profitability and artistic excellence. Anne could use her referent power to solicit participation in fund-raising efforts. By using her referent power,  she can forge a team built on loyalty and commitment. Given the principles presented by the musicians, Ewers has the opportunity to demonstrate her positive legitimate power, her expert power in fund-raising, and her referent power in fostering commitment. First, Ewers needs to influence the leaders of both the Symphony and the Opera as the legitimate future CEO of the merged organizations. As a leader, she would need to cast her vision for the future and hopefully motivate the support of both organizations. She needs to use her referent power to develop selfconfidence and passion in her managers to lead their subordinates successfully. Secondly, she needs to address the financial implications of a failing organization by coming up with a revised budget which would prevail over the contracting financial resources. She would need to utilize her fund-raising experience to seek other sources of funding. Though the musicians have an agreement through the union for a certain salary, Anne would need to renegotiate a revised salary and benefits contract for all the performers which would fall within the revised budget. Ewer’s appeal for the musicians’ willingness to take a pay cut would pose a great challenge. However, she may place an emphasis on their self-interest and organizational interest to continue with the new organization. In order to succeed, she needs to utilize a political tactic of striking a balance between the musician’s self-interest with the interests of a new organization. Third, Anne needs to develop and empower a team of trusted individuals who she could target for specified needs of the merger. As we discussed earlier, the better outcome is to have subordinates who are internally motivated and committed towards the merger. Hopefully, she would develop a base of support by promoting the interest of the whole. Anne would rely on these individuals through â€Å"consultation, strong rational persuasion, and inspirational appeal,† influence tactics which we will further explore below (Kreitner & Kinick, 2010). Influence Tactics: Research performed in the 1980’s by David Kipnis and his colleagues resulted in him developing nine tactics which could be used in the workplace by managers in order to influence their subordinates (Kreitner & Kinick, 2010).  The first tactic is using rational persuasion which utilizes reason, knowledge, or facts to convince someone to comply. Second, a leader can use inspirational appeals to individuals’ emotions, beliefs, and values in order to build enthusiasm. The third tactic is called â€Å"consultation† which invites others to participate in the process of planning and decision making. The fourth tactic is to use ingratiation which uses flattery, praise, and friendliness to get individuals in a positive mood prior to making a request. The fifth tactic is to make personal appeals as with a friend. The sixth tactic is to make an exchange for a personal trade of a favor. The seventh tactic is to form a coalition by asking others to join and support the effort as a group. The eighth and ninth are negative tactics where by one uses pressure or intimidation to demand compliance. The last tactic is make a request (or demand) based on one’s legitimate authority, position, organizational rules, policies, or the support of the boss. The more effective tactics are the former ones since pressure, instillation of fear, or forcing compliance fosters a greater discontent in subordinates and can backfire. Anne Ewers can develop her power in order to synchronize and collaborate a newly established organization. She can use the influence tactic of inspirational appeal since many of those involved share the goal of wanting an organization which will protect their personal interest of a competitive salary and benefits package. The also want to build an excellent organization which will continue to foster their artistic talents. All involved agree that funding is diminishing and new sources need to be found. Ewers can use rational persuasion as an influence tactic to demonstrate her knowledge and experience in developing an effective fund-raising effort given her background. She could also use the tactic of consultation in order to invite others to join her endeavors. This will also allow her to delegate some of the necessary tasks in order to transition into a new organization. Conclusion: The task of bringing about a merger between the Utah Symphony Orchestra and Opera will involve the key people with the skills, knowledge and charisma. It will require not only a concerted effort from the board and the identified leaders, namely Anne Ewers and Keith Lockhart. Ewers has proven skills as a fund-raiser and a devoted manager. However, she will need to  learn new skills by utilizing her position and power to motivate and influence a teams with different cultures, the community, and challenge the opposition. She realizes that the task is far from easy but she seems to have a handle on the priorities in order to integrate the two organizations. References: Cliffe Notes, (2012). Retrieved from http://www.cliffsnotes.com/study_guide/ Motivation-Theories-Individual-Needs.topicArticleId-8944,articleId-8908.html DeLong, T. and Ager, D., (2004). HBS cases are developed solely as the basis for class discussion. President and Fellows of Harvard College. To order copies or request permission to reproduce materials, call 1-800-545-7685, write Harvard Business School Publishing, Boston, MA 02163, or go to http:// www.hbsp.harvard.edu. This document is authorized for use only in JFT2 — Organizational Management —14 by Faculty at Western Governors University from October 2012 to July 2014. Kreitner, R., Kinicke, A. (2010). Organizational Behavior, 9th Ed., McGraw-Hill Irwin, New York, NY. Wikipedia, (2012). Leadership retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Leadership.

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